BSFHK158

SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF HEALTH

MODULE 1: GOOD HEALTH & POSITIVE MINDSET (3 Hours)

Topics:

1. Health

   • Definition
   • Importance of Health
   • Holistic health concept

2. Influencing Factors of Health

   • Genetic factors
   • Environmental factors
   • Lifestyle factors
   • Socio-economic factors

3. Health Beliefs

   • Health belief model
   • Individual perceptions
   • Cultural beliefs

4. Advantages of Good Health

   • Physical benefits
   • Mental benefits
   • Social benefits
   • Economic benefits

5. Health & Behavior

   • Health behaviors
   • Risk behaviors
   • Protective behaviors

6. Health & Society

   • Community health
   • Public health
   • Social determinants

7. Health & Family

   • Family influence on health
   • Family support systems
   • Hereditary factors

8. Health & Personality

   • Personality types
   • Impact on health
   • Coping mechanisms

9. Psychological Disorders

   • Types of disorders
   • Depression
   • Anxiety
   • Stress-related disorders

10. Methods to Improve Good Psychological Health

    • Stress management
    • Meditation
    • Counseling
    • Positive thinking

11. Changing Health Habits for Good Health

    • Breaking bad habits
    • Building healthy routines
    • Goal setting
    • Self-motivation

---

MODULE 2: BUILDING HEALTHY LIFESTYLES (3 Hours)

Topics:

1. Developing Healthy Diet

   • Balanced diet concept
   • Nutrient requirements
   • Meal planning

2. Food & Health

   • Food groups
   • Nutrition basics
   • Food quality

3. Nutritional Guidelines for Good Health

   • Recommended dietary allowances (RDA)
   • Food pyramid
   • Portion control
   • Hydration

4. Obesity & Overweight Disorders

   • Definition (BMI)
   • Causes
   • Health risks
   • Management strategies

5. Eating Disorders

   • Anorexia nervosa
   • Bulimia nervosa
   • Binge eating disorder
   • Prevention and treatment

6. Fitness Components for Health

   • Cardiovascular endurance
   • Muscular strength
   • Muscular endurance
   • Flexibility
   • Body composition

7. Wellness and Physical Function

   • Physical wellness
   • Functional fitness
   • Activities of daily living

8. How to Avoid Exercise Injuries

   • Warm-up and cool-down
   • Proper technique
   • Progressive overload
   • Rest and recovery
   • Safety equipment

---

MODULE 3: HEALTHY AND CARING RELATIONSHIPS (3 Hours)

Topics:

1. Building Communication Skills

   • Verbal communication
   • Non-verbal communication
   • Active listening
   • Assertiveness

2. Friends and Friendship

   • Types of friendships
   • Qualities of good friendship
   • Peer pressure

3. Education

   • Role in relationships
   • Social skills development

4. Value of Relationship and Communication Skills

   • Trust building
   • Conflict resolution
   • Empathy

5. Relationships for Better or Worsening of Life

   • Healthy relationships
   • Toxic relationships
   • Red flags
   • Boundaries

6. Understanding Basic Instincts of Life

   • More than biology
   • Emotional needs
   • Psychological needs
   • Social needs

7. Changing Health Behaviours Through Social Engineering

   • Social influence
   • Group dynamics
   • Community interventions
   • Behavioral change models

---

MODULE 4: AVOIDING RISKS AND HARMFUL HABITS (3 Hours)

Topics:

1. Characteristics of Health Compromising Behaviors

   • Risk-taking behaviors
   • Impulsivity
   • Peer influence

2. Recognizing and Avoiding Addictions

   • Warning signs
   • Prevention strategies

3. How Addiction Develops

   • Stages of addiction
   • Brain chemistry
   • Psychological factors

4. Types of Addictions

   • Substance Addictions:
     • Alcohol
     • Tobacco
     • Drugs (cannabis, cocaine, etc.)
   • Behavioral Addictions:
     • Gambling
     • Internet/Gaming
     • Social media
     • Shopping

5. Influencing Factors of Addictions

   • Genetic predisposition
   • Environmental factors
   • Psychological factors
   • Social factors
   • Stress

6. Differences Between Addictive and Non-Addictive People

   • Behavioral patterns
   • Coping mechanisms
   • Self-control
   • Social support

7. Effects of Addictions

   • Physical effects:
     • Health deterioration
     • Organ damage
   • Psychological effects:
     • Mental health issues
     • Cognitive impairment
   • Social effects:
     • Relationship problems
     • Financial issues
     • Academic/Career impact

8. Recovery from Addictions

   • Acknowledgment
   • Professional help
   • Rehabilitation programs
   • Support groups
   • Relapse prevention

---

MODULE 5: PREVENTING & FIGHTING DISEASES (3 Hours)

Topics:

1. Protection from Different Types of Infections

   • Bacterial infections
   • Viral infections
   • Fungal infections
   • Parasitic infections
   • Prevention methods:
     • Vaccination
     • Hygiene
     • Sanitation

2. How to Reduce Risks for Good Health

   • Regular health check-ups
   • Preventive care
   • Healthy lifestyle
   • Stress management

3. Reducing Risks & Coping with Chronic Conditions

   • Understanding chronic diseases:
     • Diabetes
     • Hypertension
     • Heart disease
     • Cancer
   • Risk factor management
   • Lifestyle modifications

4. Management of Chronic Illness for Quality of Life

   • Medication adherence
   • Regular monitoring
   • Lifestyle adjustments
   • Emotional support
   • Self-care strategies

5. Health & Wellness of Youth

   • Challenges facing youth
   • Mental health issues
   • Substance abuse
   • Academic pressure
   • Social media impact

6. A Challenge for Upcoming Future

   • Emerging health concerns
   • Technology impact
   • Environmental factors
   • Lifestyle diseases

7. Measuring Health & Wealth Status

   • Health indicators:
     • BMI
     • Blood pressure
     • Blood sugar levels
     • Cholesterol
   • Quality of life indices
   • WHO health metrics

---

KEY CONCEPTS TO REMEMBER:

Module 1:

• WHO definition of health: "Complete physical, mental and social well-being"
• Health is not merely absence of disease
• Holistic approach to health
• Psychological health = Mental + Emotional + Social well-being

Module 2:

• BMI formula: Weight(kg) / Height²(m²)
• BMI categories: <18.5 (Underweight), 18.5-24.9 (Normal), 25-29.9 (Overweight), ≥30 (Obese)
• 5 components of physical fitness
• Balanced diet includes: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Water

Module 3:

• 7 C's of Communication: Clear, Concise, Concrete, Correct, Coherent, Complete, Courteous
• Healthy relationships = Trust + Respect + Communication
• Types of communication: Verbal, Non-verbal, Written, Visual

Module 4:

• Addiction cycle: Experimentation → Regular use → Risky use → Dependence
• Common addictive substances: Alcohol, Tobacco, Cannabis, Opioids
• Behavioral addictions are as serious as substance addictions
• Recovery stages: Pre-contemplation → Contemplation → Preparation → Action → Maintenance

Module 5:

• Primary prevention: Stop disease before it occurs
• Secondary prevention: Early detection and treatment
• Tertiary prevention: Managing existing disease
• Common chronic diseases in India: Diabetes, Hypertension, Heart disease, Cancer
• Vaccination is key to preventing infectious diseases

---

EXAM PATTERN:

CIE: 50 marks

• 2 Unit Tests (30 marks each) - Best 2 out of 3
• 2 Assignments (20 marks each)
• Total scaled to 50 marks

SEE: 50 marks

• Format: 50 MCQ questions (1 mark each)
• Duration: 1 hour
• Pattern: Multiple Choice Questions
• Passing: Minimum 35% (18 marks)

---

IMPORTANT FOR MCQ EXAM:

Direct Questions Expected On:

1. ✅ WHO definition of health
2. ✅ BMI calculation and categories
3. ✅ Types of addictions
4. ✅ Fitness components (5)
5. ✅ Eating disorders types
6. ✅ Communication skills
7. ✅ Chronic diseases
8. ✅ Factors influencing health
9. ✅ Effects of addictions
10. ✅ Prevention methods
11. ✅ Nutritional guidelines
12. ✅ Recovery from addictions

---

TEXTBOOKS:

Primary:

1. Dr. L Thimmesha - Scientific Foundations of Health (VTU Website)
2. Infinite Learning Solutions - Scientific Foundations of Health (ISBN: 978-81-955465-6-5, 2022)
3. Jane Ogden - Health Psychology (4th Ed., McGraw Hill)

Reference: 4. Charles Abraham et al. - Health Psychology (2nd Ed., Routledge) 5. Shelley E. Taylor - Health Psychology (9th Ed., McGraw Hill) 6. SWAYAM/NPTEL/MOOCs resources

---

STUDY TIPS:

For MCQ-Based Exam:

• Focus on definitions
• Remember numerical data (BMI ranges, fitness components count)
• Learn types and classifications
• Know prevention methods
• Understand addiction cycle
• Remember communication skills components

Easy Scoring Topics:

• Health definitions (Module 1)
• BMI and nutrition (Module 2)
• Types of addictions (Module 4)
• Chronic diseases (Module 5)
• Communication types (Module 3)

Memory Tricks:

• 5 Fitness Components: C-M-M-F-B (Cardio, Muscular strength, Muscular endurance, Flexibility, Body composition)
• 7 C's of Communication: C-C-C-C-C-C-C
• Addiction stages: E-R-R-D (Experimentation → Regular → Risky → Dependence)

---

ALL TOPICS COVERED - HEALTH & WELLNESS SUBJECT! 🏥💪